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EPOC2018-08-17T23:31:02+00:00

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¿Que es?

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La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, o EPOC, como será llamada en esta guía, es una enfermedad compleja, prevenible y tratable.

La característica más importante de la EPOC es que durante la respiración, al sacar el aire, este no sale completamente y cada vez se va haciendo más difícil expulsar el aire de los pulmones.

Al mismo tiempo, la EPOC se caracteriza por una inflamación de las vías respiratorias; así pues, las vías por donde pasa el aire se cierran un poco y hacen más difícil expulsarlo; además, se inflaman. Esta combinación de obstrucción e inflamación es lo que produce los síntomas de la enfermedad.

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Tipos

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Sintomas

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Entre los síntomas más comunes de la EPOC están la tos, las sibilancias (se escucha como si el pecho silbara durante la respiración), la producción de flemas y el ahogo, que puede ir aumentando hasta limitar la capacidad de desarrollar las actividades del día a día. No todos los pacientes presentan a un mismo tiempo todos los síntomas para que se declare la EPOC; a veces, durante las etapas iniciales de la enfermedad, los síntomas son pocos, e, incluso, puede no presentarse el ahogo, que es el principal síntoma de alerta y el que más motiva a consultar al médico.

La EPOC puede comprometer la capacidad de hacer ejercicio, hacer que se pierda peso y que se tenga menos apetito, además de disminuir la capacidad de realizar las actividades de la vida diaria, y todo ello, en ocasiones, se relaciona con síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad, así como de disminución de la calidad de vida.

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Causas

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Existe una serie de actividades o de factores que ponen a las personas en un nivel de riesgo un poco mayor que quienes no se exponen a dichos factores. Sería ideal dejar de exponerse a tales factores, para disminuir la probabilidad de tener la EPOC. Los más importantes son:

1. El hecho de fumar o de haber fumado alguna vez en la vida más de 20 cigarrillos diarios por 10 años o más.

2. Hallarse expuesto a menudo al humo de cigarrillo de otras personas, en el hogar o en el sitio de trabajo.

3. Tener exposición al humo de la leña o del carbón durante más de 10 años.

4. Tener un trabajo donde hay exposición repetida a polvos, gases o humos.

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Diagnostico

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